Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). An electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science database for articles published from 1980 to February 2020. Ten articles met the search criteria and were included in this review. The risk of bias was evaluated to report quality, safety, and environmental standards. MSCs were derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, gingiva, and umbilical cord. Protocols for cellular irradiation used red and blue light spectrum with variations of the parameters. The LED has been shown to induce greater cellular viability, proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of growth factors. The set of information available leads to proposing a complex signaling cascade for the action of photobiomodulation, including angiogenic factors, singlet oxygen, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducer, and reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, although our results suggest that LED can boost MSCs, a nonuniformity in the experimental protocol, bias, and the limited number of studies reduces the power of systematic review. Further research is essential to find the optimal LED irradiation parameters to boost MSCs function and evaluate its impact in the clinical setting.
Highlights
Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs nonionizing forms of light sources, which encompass laser and light-emitting diode (LED) for a broad visible and infrared spectrum, and PBM-based therapy has been successfully applied in treatment of several diseases, injuries, and disorders [1]
Acquaintance with the mechanisms subjacent the effects of PBM has been of considerable interest, and a well-accepted view is that the light energy delivered to tissues is absorbed by the cell chromophores, favouring the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) [2, 3]
The LED has emerged to have important effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [28], cultivated multipotent stem cells which can be isolated from various adult tissues, opening a new window for PBM application into strategies being currently pursued to improve therapy with MSCs
Summary
Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs nonionizing forms of light sources, which encompass laser and light-emitting diode (LED) for a broad visible and infrared spectrum, and PBM-based therapy has been successfully applied in treatment of several diseases, injuries, and disorders [1]. The LED has emerged to have important effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [28], cultivated multipotent stem cells which can be isolated from various adult tissues, opening a new window for PBM application into strategies being currently pursued to improve therapy with MSCs. Among the advantages of MSCs usage, it is possible to observe the availability in ubiquitous sources, the extensive ability of proliferation and multilineage differentiation, easy isolation, low immunogenicity, and paracrine potential [29, 30]. Based on the plethora of biology actions that make the MSCs promising to regenerative medicine [29] and the possible cytoprotective effect of the PBM, we aimed this systematic review to summarize the current evidence about the effects of LED in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to identify the underlying mechanisms found to underpin this effect
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