Enhancing the Nutritional Value of Canola (Brassica napus) Meal Using a Submerged Fungal Incubation Process

Jason R Croat,Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan,Bishnu Karki,William R Gibbons,Mark Berhow

doi:10.5539/jfr.v5n5p1

Jason R Croat, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v5n5p1

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal fungal culture to increase the nutritional value of canola meal so it could be used at higher feed inclusion rates, and for a broad range of monogastrics, including fish. Submerged incubation conditions were used to evaluate the performance of seven fungal cultures in hexane extracted (HE) and cold pressed (CP) canola meal. Aureobasidium pullulans (Y-2311-1), Fusarium venenatum and Trichoderma reesei resulted in the greatest improvements in protein levels in HE canola meal, at 21.0, 23.8, and 34.8 %, respectively. These fungi reduced total glucosinolates (GLS) content to 2.7, 7.4, and 4.9 μM.g-1, respectively, while residual sugar levels ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 % (w/w). In trials with CP canola meal, the same three fungi increased protein levels by 24.6, 35.2, and 37.3 %, and final GLS levels to 6.5, 4.0, and 4.7 μM.g-1, respectively. Additionally, residual sugar levels were reduced to 0.3-1.0 % (w/w).

Highlights

Canola (Brassica napus) is grown widely in Canada and the northern United States, and it is the second most abundant source of edible oil in the world (Aider & Barbana, 2011)
Aureobasidium pullulans (Y-2311-1), Fusarium venenatum and Trichoderma reesei resulted in the greatest improvements in protein levels in hexane extracted (HE) canola meal, at 21.0, 23.8, and 34.8 %, respectively
Seven fungal strains were grown on HE vs cold pressed (CP) canola meal using a submerged incubation process

Summary

Introduction

Canola (Brassica napus) is grown widely in Canada and the northern United States, and it is the second most abundant source of edible oil in the world (Aider & Barbana, 2011). Canola meal is the second most abundant protein source for livestock feed, trailing soybean meal (Newkirk, 2009). The abundance and lower price of canola meal have driven interest in replacing soybean meal in ruminant and monogastric feeds (Lomascolo, Uzan-Boukhris, Sigoillot, & Fine, 2012). On a cost per Kg of protein basis, canola protein is typically valued at 80-85 % the value of soybean meal because it contains less gross energy, less protein, and over three times as much fiber. Canola contains glucosinolates (GLS) that can have anti-nutritional effects on livestock. Due to its lower cost it may be an economical protein source for animals that do not have high energy or lysine requirements (Bell, 1993)

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