Enhancing the mechanical properties of wire arc directed energy deposition Al–Zn–Mg–Cu aluminum alloy through cyclic deep cryogenic treatment

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of cyclic deep cryogenic treatment (CDCT) on the mechanical properties and the precipitated phases evolution of 7B55 aluminum alloy produced by wire arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) were systematically investigated. The findings revealed that, under both T6 and CDCT conditions, the microstructure of the 7B55 aluminum alloy exhibited fine-equiaxed grains. Under the T6 condition, the precipitated phases within the grains were primarily composed of clustered GP zones and η′ phases. Meanwhile, the η phases were continuously distributed along the grain boundaries. Upon subjecting the material to three cycles of CDCT, a noticeable reduction in the number of GP zones within the grains was observed. Simultaneously, there was a substantial increase in the number of η′ phases, accompanied by the occurrence of dislocation lines. The distribution of η phases along the grain boundary transitioned to an interrupted pattern. Under the CDCT-Cycle 3 (CDCT-C3) condition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (EL) achieved 658.6 ± 4.5 MPa, 624.2 ± 5.2 MPa, and 8.42 ± 0.18 %, respectively. However, with the progression to four cycles of CDCT, the GP zones within the grains disappeared and the number of η′ phases started to decrease with the formation of a large number of η phases. The η phase along the grain boundary continuously grew by merging and absorbing solute atoms from the Al matrix near the grain boundaries. This led to the formation of coarsen and interrupted η phases and the Precipitate-Free Zone (PFZ) along the grain boundaries. Subsequently, the mechanical properties experienced a substantial decrease after the CDCT-Cycle 4 (CDCT-C4).