Abstract
Sandglasses have been used to record time for thousands of years because of their constant flow rates; however, they now are drawing attention for their substantial scientific importance and extensive industrial applications. The presence of elongated particles in a binary granular system is believed to result in undesired flow because their shape implies a larger resistance to flow. However, our experiments demonstrate that the addition of elongated particles can substantially reduce the flow fluctuation of fine granules and produce a stable linear flow similar to that in an hourglass. On the basis of experimental data and previous reports of flow dynamics, we observed that the linear flow is driven by the “needle particle effect,” including flow orientation, reduced agglomeration, and local perturbation. This phenomenon is observed in several binary granular systems, including fine granules and secondary elongated particles, which demonstrates that our simple method can be widely applied to the accurate measurement of granular flows in industry.
Highlights
Have reported that the granular jamming probability decreases with increasing ratio between the outlet diameter and particle size[26]
We report that the addition of needle-like particles to a fine powder gives rise to a linear flow that is analogous to that of an hourglass; we systematically elucidate the transition mechanism
For different binary granular systems, the weightloss curves are plotted as a function of the elongated particle mass fraction (w) in Fig. 1a,c,e; the shape of the curves gradually transitions from terrace-like to linear with increasing w, and the best linear flow is observed at approximately 10–15 wt%
Summary
Have reported that the granular jamming probability decreases with increasing ratio between the outlet diameter and particle size[26]. Aeration and vibration[27] have been demonstrated to improve fine granular flow. We report that the addition of needle-like particles to a fine powder gives rise to a linear flow that is analogous to that of an hourglass; we systematically elucidate the transition mechanism. This counterintuitive result provides us an opportunity to carry out pioneering work in this area
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