Abstract
The integration of photovoltaic (PV) system and coal-fired power plants (CFPP) through various energy storage systems (ESS) presents a promising strategy for achieving a low-carbon, low-cost, and reliable power supply. This study proposes a low-carbon power system that deeply integrates PV and CFPP through battery, thermal, and ammonia energy storage system (BESS, TESS, AESS). Multi-objective optimizations were conducted to minimize both the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and specific CO2 emission while considering constraints related to power supply reliability. Additionally, the influence of technological advancements on reducing LCOE was explored, providing insights into the developmental pathways of these energy storage technologies. The results indicate that: (1) The optimal selection of ESS is related to CO2 emission reduction targets. For less restrictive targets, it is economical to abandon ESS and rely entirely on PV and CFPP. As emission reduction targets progress, TESS becomes economically optimal. In scenarios with strict targets, BESS becomes economically optimal. (2) The combination of PV+CFPP+MultiESS demonstrates superior cost-effectiveness under high-reliability constraints, exhibiting a 7.6 % lower LCOE compared to PV+CFPP+SingleESS at a reliability level of ≥ 99 %. (3) Compared to CFPP retrofitted with CCS, the PV+CFPP+ESS integrated system is more economically favorable for less restrictive CO2 emission reduction targets. However, as the CO2 emission limits become stricter, the CCS-retrofitted technology becomes more economically favorable. (4) To enhance cost-competitiveness, developments should be directed toward reducing the unit investment cost of storage for BESS, while reducing the unit investment cost of power conversion system for AESS. As for TESS, technological advancements across various aspects can effectively contribute to its cost-competitiveness.
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