Abstract
Natural rivers have many branching junctions. The flow in branching junctions is complex, owing to significant changes associated with flow dynamics and sediment transport that result in erosion and deposition problems. A branching channel of the Tigris River in Missan, Iraq, was selected for investigation of the scouring and deposition zones. A two-dimensional (2D) numerical model was used to simulate the hydro-morphodynamics in the branching channel, where hypothetical vanes as control structures were included at the junction to control the scouring and deposition zones. The simulation results suggest the most effective location, dimension, and angle of the introduced vanes. For the studied junction, controlling morphological features was achieved by introducing a single vane with an inclination angle of 90° on the flow direction of the Tigris River. The most effective location of the introduced vane was the location that caused considerable enhancement in the flow depth and velocity distribution.
Highlights
A branching channel or bifurcation is defined as a node where the water flow is divided from a single channel into multiple channels [1]
The results show that the fourth configuration has the best solution for minimising the deposition zone and increasing channel navigation, in which the velocities doubled in this zone and led to increasing bed sediment transport
A 2D numerical model was used to simulate the hydro-morphodynamics of the branching channel with an angle of 50◦ in the used to simulate the hydro-morphodynamics of the branching channel with an angle of 50° in the Tigris River, Missan, Iraq
Summary
A branching channel or bifurcation is defined as a node where the water flow is divided from a single channel into multiple channels [1]. Branching channels can exist in many forms, such as braided rivers, alluvial fans, and deltas. Separation zones occur in areas of water recirculation and low flow velocity [8,12]. As a result of the recirculation and low velocities, deposition areas appear in these zones [13,14]. These zones cause loss in the capacity of the branching channel and reduce the inflow discharge passing through it. This will affect irrigation networks and threatens municipal
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