Abstract
In this study, the catalytic activity and stability of Pd nanoparticles during the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) were significantly enhanced by the interaction of Fe3O4/biochar support prepared by pyrolysis of fir sawdust. Compared with the commercial Pd/C with 5% of Pd content, the as-synthesized Pd@Fe3O4/biochar with only 1.58% of Pd content exhibited twice higher catalytic performance toward the 4-NP reduction. The significant enhancement of catalytic activity was ascribed to the interaction between Fe and Pd NPs which lowers the binding energy of Pd on surface of Pd@Fe3O4/biochar, resulting the fast desorption of the intermediate species during the reaction. Furthermore, the carbon skeleton expedites the electron transfer and facilitates the formation of active hydrogen and deprotonation of 4-NP which are key steps of reduction of 4-NP. The abundant oxygen containing groups in biochar may act as pinchers to tightly fix the Pd NPs and improve the stability of Pd@Fe3O4/biochar.
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