Enhancing Surveillance Systems with Cost-Effective Ultrasonic Radar for Object Detection and Tracking

Abstract

Object detection is critical in surveillance systems because it enables timely identification of unauthorized objects, which is essential for maintaining security and mitigating risks. Existing approaches to surveillance typically suffer from limited coverage, variable detection range, moderate accuracy, high cost, and complex setup requirements. This article presents an approach to object detection using microcontroller-based ultrasonic sensors. Our approach leverages four distinct processing phases to create a radar-like system capable of real-time detection and autonomous decision-making. In this study, we conducted experiments by integrating more than six peripheral modules with the Arduino platform. By evaluating 17 diverse test cases in various scenarios and environments, the approach demonstrated enhanced object tracking and robustness compared to existing methods. The system effectively detects objects within the targeted area, providing precise distance measurements (around 50 cm) and position information (0 to 360 degrees). Moreover, our approach enabled the identification of three risk zones—medium, high-risk, and mild danger—within the critical region, contributing to improved security and risk management. The results reveal the system’s effectiveness in real-time detection, accurate distance estimation, and comprehensive risk assessment. Overall, our study significantly contributes to the advancement of object detection technology by effectively addressing the limitations of existing methods and offering a cost-effective and practical solution. Our research has the potential to monitor objects in surveillance systems across various domains, with significant implications for enhancing security, risk mitigation, and monitoring in industries reliant on effective object detection systems. Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 157−171