Enhancing stimulated Brillouin scattering in suspended silicon waveguides through subwavelength nanostructuration [Invited

Abstract

Brillouin optomechanics is playing a key role in the development of groundbreaking devices and novel functionalities in integrated silicon photonics, such as narrow linewidth filtering and lasers, tunable frequency, non-reciprocity, etc. Most silicon-based optomechanical waveguides, which use anchoring arms or perforated slabs to ensure mechanical stability and operate for transverse-electric polarized light, face challenges with acoustic mode leakage into the lateral Si slab, limiting the photon-phonon overlap and the Brillouin gain. Here, we propose new waveguide designs based on subwavelength nanostructuration to tailor near-infrared photons and GHz phonons and maximize the Brillouin gain. We introduce six different geometries suitable for both membrane or fully suspended configurations (i.e., without transversal arms anchoring the core to the Si slab). Our three-dimensional optomechanical simulations predict that subwavelength silicon membranes with strip, slot, and SWG slot core waveguides achieve gains up to 12257 W-1m-1 at mechanical frequencies of 12-13 GHz. Moreover, suspended silicon waveguides with SWG slots achieve a high gain of 43542 W-1m-1 at 4.45 GHz, with the ability to adjust the mechanical frequency from 4 to 9 GHz. Further enhancements in the Brillouin gain are studied by integrating side arms to amplify the moving boundaries effect in the suspended SWG slot waveguides and leveraging the slow light regime, which can significantly increase the Brillouin gain up to 17 × 106 W-1m-1 for a mechanical mode at 11.18 GHz.