Enhancing Stability and Tooth Bleaching Activity of Carbamide Peroxide by Electrospun Nanofibrous Film.

Siriporn Okonogi,Anette Müllertz,Mingshi Yang,Pisaisit Chaijareenont,Adchareeya Kaewpinta,Sakornrat Khongkhunthian,Thomas Rades

doi:10.3390/ph13110381

Enhancing Stability and Tooth Bleaching Activity of Carbamide Peroxide by Electrospun Nanofibrous Film.

Siriporn Okonogi, Anette Müllertz + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13110381

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Journal: Pharmaceuticals	Publication Date: Nov 11, 2020
Citations: 8	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Chiang Mai University, University of Copenhagen

Abstract

Carbamide peroxide (CP) possesses a strong tooth bleaching activity, however, its clinical application is limited because of its instability in aqueous formulations. This study explores the improvement of CP stability and bleaching activity by loading CP in electrospun nanofibrous film (ENF). Polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and silica were used as components for core-based nanofibers of ENF. Electrospinning feed aqueous solutions (EFASs) were developed for preparing CP loaded ENF (CP-ENF). Stability of CP in EFASs is significantly higher than in pure water. The highest stability of CP is found in PPS-CP3, composed of 0.5% CP, 5.5% polyvinylalcohol, 3% polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 1% silica. The results from X-ray diffraction indicate that CP is dispersed as a non-crystalline form in CP-ENFs. CP and the compositions of EFASs play a major role on characteristics and bleaching efficiency of CP-ENFs. Drug release of CP-ENFs is the first order kinetics. CP-ENF obtained from PPS-CP3 shows the highest drug entrapment efficiency, high adhesion, and suitable sustained release. Drug release mechanism is along with anomalous transport according to Korsmeyer–Peppas model. In an ex vivo study using human teeth, it shows the highest bleaching efficiency among the others. Therefore, CP-ENF obtained from PPS-CP3 is a promising ENF for clinical use.

Highlights

Hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide (CP) are strong oxidizing agents and have been used as tooth bleaching drugs for a long time [1]
CP-Electrospinning feed aqueous solutions (EFASs) were subjected to the electrospinning process, the water evaporated, and CP-electrospun nanofibrous film (ENF) formed
Comparing the r2 values between the zero- and the first-order kinetics, the results described that the release of CP from all CP loaded ENF (CP-ENF) followed the first-order kinetics, which the linear relationship can be obtained as shown in Figure 5, indicating that the release rate of CP is dependent on drug concePnhatrrmaatcieountic.als 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW

Summary

Introduction

Hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide (CP) are strong oxidizing agents and have been used as tooth bleaching drugs for a long time [1]. It can react with any present oxidizable compound and catalytic agents resulting in the formation of oxygen and water [2]. High CP concentration of up to 35% can be found in bleaching products in in-office tooth bleaching treatment whereas concentrations of 5–22% are used in at-home tooth bleaching treatment [6,7]. Previous reports showed that using low CP concentrations with long treatment time provides bleaching efficiency equivalent to high CP concentrations [9] and could decrease side effects such as tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, and toxicity to pulp cells that can be caused by high peroxide concentrations [10]

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