Enhancing resilient restoration of distribution systems utilizing electric vehicles and supporting incentive mechanism

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are high-quality mobile power sources that can enhance the resilient restoration of distribution systems (DSs). However, incentivizing and dispatching the orderly participation of EVs in DS restoration has not been studied yet. This paper proposes a resilient restoration strategy for DS utilizing EVs and an EV-oriented incentive mechanism to address the problem. Firstly, a dispatching first and paying later framework for utilizing EVs in restoration is proposed. The problem of restoration utilizing EVs is divided into an EV-based restoration problem and an incentive problem. Secondly, EVs' clustering time–space model and power model are constructed from the clustering perspective via EV's energy discretization. Then, the DS's robust restoration model is developed to obtain the dispatch strategy. Thirdly, an incentive mechanism based on the asymmetric Nash bargaining theory is designed to compensate EVs financially, using the amount of restored load by EVs as the contribution indicator. Finally, numerical simulations are performed with modified IEEE 33-node and 118-node DS. The results show that the proposed EV-based strategy can restore more critical loads and save more than 90% of economic losses in the presence of sufficient renewable energy. The solution efficiency of the proposed strategy is also significantly improved.