Enhancing Pulmonary Diagnosis in Chest X-rays through Generative AI Techniques

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Chest X-ray imaging is an essential tool in the diagnostic procedure for pulmonary conditions, providing healthcare professionals with the capability to immediately and accurately determine lung anomalies. This imaging modality is fundamental in assessing and confirming the presence of various lung issues, allowing for timely and effective medical intervention. In response to the widespread prevalence of pulmonary infections globally, there is a growing imperative to adopt automated systems that leverage deep learning (DL) algorithms. These systems are particularly adept at handling large radiological datasets and providing high precision. This study introduces an advanced identification model that utilizes the VGG16 architecture, specifically adapted for identifying various lung anomalies such as opacity, COVID-19 pneumonia, normal appearance of the lungs, and viral pneumonia. Furthermore, we address the issue of model generalizability, which is of prime significance in our work. We employed the data augmentation technique through CycleGAN, which, through experimental outcomes, has proven effective in enhancing the robustness of our model. The combined performance of our advanced VGG model with the CycleGAN augmentation technique demonstrates remarkable outcomes in several evaluation metrics, including recall, F1-score, accuracy, precision, and area under the curve (AUC). The results of the advanced VGG16 model showcased remarkable accuracy, achieving 98.58%. This study contributes to advancing generative artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging analysis and establishes a solid foundation for ongoing developments in computer vision technologies within the healthcare sector.