Enhancing Power Generation for Solar-Based Cardiac Pacemakers: A Novel Approach with FOPID and HCMKH-BS2

Abstract

Biomedical implants, such as implantable cardioverter heart monitors, rely on limited battery life, which necessitates costly replacements and patient discomfort. To address these challenges, a novel solar-based pacemaker model is proposed that is integrated with a fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller and a Hybridized Chaotic multiverse Krill Herd-based Backtracking Search Strategy (HCMKH-BS2) to enhance power generation for pacemaker operation. Our approach considers the impact of partial shading conditions on solar power. To mitigate these conditions, a FOPID controller with an HCMKH-BS2 model is developed which also addresses environmental issues through the adoption of a DC-DC converter. The gain parameters of the FOPID controller are determined using the proposed HCMKH-BS2 algorithm. The proposed technique is implemented to evaluate its performance using various measures in terms of duty cycle, convergence analysis, and power. The performance validation is performed based on the analyses of constant irradiance and changed irradiance. The proposed method achieved a fitness value of 0.01 from the convergence analysis and the duty cycle of 0.48D. These results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed technique over previous methods, highlighting its potential for enhancing the performance of solar-based cardiac pacemakers.