Abstract
This study explored the impact of essential oil combinations on Botrytis cinerea-infected apples, focusing on how these treatments affect the levels of amino acids, anthocyanins, organic acids, phenolic compounds, and hormones. We discovered significant differences in amino acid concentrations, particularly asparagine, serine, histidine, glycine, and arginine, between control and fungus-treated apples. Preventive measures notably increased anthocyanins like delphinidin-3-glycoside and peonidin-3-glycoside, while combinations such as thymol + fungus balanced anthocyanin profiles effectively. Organic acid and phenolic compound analyses showed that curative strategies generally increased concentrations, with the thymol + cineole + fungus treatment being especially effective. Hormonal analysis highlighted the benefits of preventive measures in raising indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid levels, whereas curative treatments increased abscisic acid and salicylic acid concentrations. The combination of cineole and thymol with fungicide emerged as a potent strategy for enhancing phenolic content. These findings underscore the potential of specific essential oil combinations in improving the biochemical composition of B. cinerea-infected apples, offering new avenues for enhancing fruit quality and sustainability in the agriculture sector.
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