Enhancing performance of low-temperature fabricated inverted planar perovskite solar cells through triple-cation perovskite optimization

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention due to the rapidly advancing power conversion efficiency(PCE). Recently, there has been significant interest in enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells through Cs+ doping. However, the optimal concentration of Cs+ varies between inverted and positive structures, influenced by factors such as cell design, fabrication processes, and performance optimization requirements. In this study, we designed and prepared a novel inverted structure triple cations FA/MA/Cs perovskite solar cell at a low temperature. We observed that the quality of perovskite films can be obviously improved by doping an appropriate amount of Cs+, but excessive Cs+ will destabilize the perovskite structure, leading to rapid film decomposition in ambient air. Our results indicate that employing higher concentrations of Cs+, specifically 10 % and 15 %, leads to superior performance and enhanced stability. Notably, the perovskite solar cell incorporating 10%-Cs exhibits larger grain sizes, uniform particle distribution, and its highest PCE achieves 16.41 %. Our research provides a straightforward and cost-effective strategy for improving the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells utilizing triple cations.