Enhancing Nutritional Value of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L. hepper) Through Agronomic Biofortification with Zinc and Iron

Abstract

Zn & Fe deficiencies are prevalent nutritional concerns globally, particularly in developing countries, leading to various health complications such as stunted growth, anaemia, and compromised immune function. Traditional methods of addressing these deficiencies, such as dietary supplementation, are often limited in effectiveness, especially in regions with resource constraints. Biofortification emerges as a promising strategy to address iron and zinc deficiencies in populations with limited access to diverse diets. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of foliar applications of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) at different growth stages of Urdbean (Vigna mungo) to enhance the concentration of these essential minerals in the grains. By utilizing agronomic practices, we aim to increase the nutritional value of urdbean grains, thereby contributing to the alleviation of malnutrition. The study was conducted at the Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The experimental design comprised a randomized block design with three replications. Ten treatments were evaluated, including various combinations of foliar applications of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at flower and pod initiation stage, along with control treatments. Foliar sprays were applied plot-wise as per the designated treatments. Among the treatments, T7, which involved the foliar application of both ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at flower and pod initiation stages, exhibited the highest increase in Zn & Fe concentration in urdbean seeds. Conversely, treatment T10, which received 100% RDF showed lesser improvements in nutrient concentration compared to other treatments. Foliar applications of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 at specific growth stages effectively increased the concentration of Zn & Fe in urdbean grains along with yield. Further optimization of nutrient application rates and timing may be necessary to balance nutritional enhancement with yield considerations. Biofortification through agronomic practices holds promise as a sustainable approach to addressing nutritional deficiencies and promoting food security in resource-constrained regions.