Abstract
Residual biogas slurries (BGS) of detoxified mahua cake and cow dung were used as supplements to enhance the yield and nutritional quality of Lentinus sajor-caju on wheat straw (WS). Supplementation with 20% BGS gave a maximum yield of 1155 gkg-1 fruit bodies, furnishing an increase of 95.1% over WS control. Significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in protein content (29.6-38.9%), sugars (29.1-32.3%) and minerals (N, P, K, Fe, Zn) was observed in the fruit bodies. Principle component analysis (PCA) was performed to see the pattern of correlation within a set of observed variables and how these different variables varied in different treatments. PC1 and PC2 represented 90% of total variation in the observed variables. Moisture (%), lignin (%), celluloses (%), and C/N ratio were closely correlated in comparison to Fe, N, and saponins. PCA of amino acids revealed that, PC1 and PC2 represented 74% of total variation in the data set. HPLC confirmed the absence of any saponin residues (characteristic toxins of mahua cake) in fruit bodies and mushroom spent. FTIR studies showed significant degradation of celluloses (22.2-32.4%), hemicelluloses (14.1-23.1%) and lignin (27.4-39.23%) in the spent, along with an increase in nutrition content. The study provided a simple, cost effective approach to improve the yield and nutritional quality of L. sajor-caju by resourceful utilization of BGS.
Highlights
Over the past few years, biogas has become an attractive renewable energy source in many nations across the globe (Chandra et al, 2011; Gupta et al, 2012; Barik and Murugan, 2015)
PH for the designed substrate combinations ranged between 6.87 and 7.04. This pH range has been found to be desirable for mushroom growth (Gothwal et al, 2012; Gupta et al, 2013b)
It was observed that Lentinus fruit body yield increased with the addition of 10 and 20% biogas slurries (BGS) to wheat straw (WS) and decreased on further addition of 30% BGS
Summary
Over the past few years, biogas has become an attractive renewable energy source in many nations across the globe (Chandra et al, 2011; Gupta et al, 2012; Barik and Murugan, 2015). BGS are often too dilute but contain relatively high percentage of readily available nutrients, growth hormones and enzymes (Hamelin et al, 2011). Because of their nutrient content, BGS based farming technologies are becoming an important aspect of biogas dissemination programs which can replace energy intensive chemical fertilizers, improve crop yield as well as soil quality and fertility on a sustainable basis. Banik and Nandi (2004) reported improved yield and nutritional content of Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus sajor-caju mushrooms from rice straw supplemented with residual BGS of poultry litter, cattle dung, municipal solid wastes and jute caddis Few studies have been carried out on the use of BGS for mushroom cultivation. Gangulli and Chanakya (1994) evaluated that addition of CD based BGS to paddy straw, in 1:1 ratio, significantly enhanced the yield of Lentinus flabellatus, as compared from 100% paddy straw. Banik and Nandi (2004) reported improved yield and nutritional content of Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus sajor-caju mushrooms from rice straw supplemented with residual BGS of poultry litter, cattle dung, municipal solid wastes and jute caddis
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