Enhancing learning with a two-page study manual

Abstract

BackgroundWhen university students guide their own learning, how much they learn depends on how well they can manage their learning efforts. An important component of self-regulated learning is knowledge about effective learning techniques and how to use them. AimsThis study investigates if a two-page study manual describing how to use effective learning techniques can enhance learning outcomes. SampleEighty-seven undergraduate psychology students at Stockholm University. MethodsParticipants were randomized to receive the study manual (manual group) or not (control group) at the beginning of a semester. Grades from three of the semester's courses and responses to post-exam questionnaires were used to evaluate the effect of the manual. ResultsThe manual group had a higher probability of passing the exams (10-20%-points) and getting high grades (16-24%-points) on the three consecutive courses. Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regressions estimated that an average student in the manual group, taking an average course, had a median increase of 12%-points (95% CI [1%, 38%]) in the probability of passing the exam and 24%-points (95 % CI [1%, 55%]) to get a high grade, compared to the control group. Questionnaire responses indicate that the manual increased students' use of effective learning techniques. ConclusionsThe study shows that self-regulated learning and learning outcomes can be improved with a short and cost-effective study manual describing how to use effective learning techniques.