Abstract
Waste lubricant oil is categorized as hazardous waste that contains several contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon, and heavy metals. Among these contaminants, lead has been known as one of the contributive contaminants in used lubricant oil in varied concentrations. To remove this contaminant, adsorption process was carried out by using clay as natural adsorbent (bleaching earth). In order to enhance the adsorption efficiency, the clay was activated by acidification with 1 M, 1.5M, 2 M H2SO4 or calcination in the temperature 300°C, 450°C, 600°C. The activated clay indicated the increase of montmorillonite percentage in clay up to 68% and clay’s surface area up to 67 m2/g from its origin characteristics. The adsorption process showed notable improvement of clay adsorption capacity in removing lead in shorter contact time. The lead removal curve showed that the optimum adsorption condition can be obtained by the use of activated clay with 1.5 M H2SO4 and calcined in temperature 450°C. The optimum adsorption contact time with acid and calcination activated clay was 30 minutes and 180 minutes respectively.
Highlights
The purification of waste lubricant oil by the adsorption process can be carried out using various types of adsorbents such as activated carbon, zeolites, clays, and other adsorbents
The adsorption process itself is influenced by many factors such as temperature, acidity, particle size, porosity, and one of the most important is the surface area regarding the surface area of the adsorbent, the larger the surface area of the adsorbent, the greater the amount of adsorbate that can be absorbed
The activation with 1 M H2SO4 increased the surface area significantly. This increase is due to impurities present on the clay surface and covering the pores are dissolved with the acid increasing the absorption of the inert gas in the test, resulting in a larger surface area than the surface area of the clay sample before activation
Summary
The purification of waste lubricant oil by the adsorption process can be carried out using various types of adsorbents such as activated carbon, zeolites, clays, and other adsorbents. From an economic point of view, clay adsorbent is one of the most promising because it is ubiquitous in the environment. Clay is known as bleaching earth which is used in the refining of palm oil process. This bleaching earth is generally constituted of up to three types of clay minerals. The surface area of the adsorbent can be increased by the activation process
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