Abstract
An earthquake, as one of the natural disasters, can damage vital infrastructures including the power distribution network (PDN) and water distribution network (WDN). The dependency of WDN on PDN is the other challenge that can be highlighted after the earthquake. In this paper, the resilience improvement planning of integrated PDN and WDN against earthquakes is solved through stochastic programming. Power lines and substation hardening in PDN and water pipes rehabilitation with better material are the candidate strategies to minimize the expected inaccessibility value of loads to power and water as the resilience index and to minimize the cost of strategies. The proposed model is tested on the modified IEEE 33-bus PDN with a designed WDN and its performance is evaluated under different cases where the impacts of using distributed generations (DG) in PDN, equipping the water pumps to back-up generators, and the value of loads accessibility to water on the system resilience are investigated.
Highlights
Long inaccessibility of cities and societies to critical infrastructures including power and water after earthquakes has highlighted the importance of resilience improvement planning of the power distribution network (PDN) and water distribution network (WDN)
The resilience improvement planning of integrated PDN and WDN with candidate strategies including substation and power line hardening in PDN and water pipes rehabilitation with better material in WDN was solved
The results showed that the proposed method could determine the priority and kind of strategies based on the conditions of both PDN and WDN
Summary
Long inaccessibility of cities and societies to critical infrastructures including power and water after earthquakes has highlighted the importance of resilience improvement planning of the power distribution network (PDN) and water distribution network (WDN). The dependency of WDN on PDN due to water pumps operation as one important reason for the inaccessibility of loads to water is ignored in the resilience study of an individual WDN. A number of water pumps might be equipped to emergency generators These units are not efficient in long emergency conditions resulting from natural disasters due to fuel limitation [1]. With simultaneous analysis and improvement of the resilience of PDN and WDN, the allocated budget is spent in such a way that the accessibility of all loads to power and water will be improved. The problem detects the priority of PDN and WDN to enhance resilience considering the budget limits [2]
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