Abstract
This review paper combs through reports that have enhanced antenna gain for ultra-wideband (UWB) frequencies using frequency-selective surface (FSS) techniques. The FSS techniques found across the research landscape were mapped onto a taxonomy in order to determine the most effective method for improving antenna gain. Additionally, this study looked into the motivation behind using FSS as a reflector in UWB frequencies to obtain directional radiation. The FSS suits multiple applications due to its exceptional ability to minimize power loss in undesired transmission areas in the antenna, as well as to hinder the interference that may occur from undesirable and wasted radiation. An efficient way to obtain constant gain over a wide range of frequencies is also elaborated in this paper. Essentially, this paper offers viable prescription to enhance antenna gain for UWB applications. Methods: A comprehensive study was performed using several imminent keywords, such as “high gain using FSS”, “gain enhancement using FSS”, “high gain UWB antennas”, and “gain enhancement of UWB antennas”, in different modifications to retrieve all related articles from three primary engines: Web of Science (WoS), IEEE Xplore, and Science Direct. Results: The 41 papers identified after a comprehensive literature review were classified into two categories. The FSS single- and multi-layer reflectors were reported in 25 and 16 papers, respectively. New direction: An effective method is proposed for FSS miniaturization and for obtaining constant gain over UWB frequencies while maintaining the return loss at −10 dB. Conclusion: The use of FSS is indeed effective and viable for gain enhancement in UWB antennas. This systematic review unravels a vast range of opportunities for researchers to bridge the identified gaps.
Highlights
Improvements in periodic formations reflect the growth of two-dimensional surfaces with other periodic components that enable them to act as a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC), along with the reflection scattering in a narrow bandwidth (BW) [1,2]
This study introduces a general taxonomy for the gain enhancement techniques applied for UWB planar antennas using frequency-selective surface (FSS) reflectors based on two groups
One way to achieve the miniaturization of FSS unit cells is by obtaining a high dielectric substrate material that can minimize the resonant frequency of the FSS designs (RFSS), as proposed in the equation below: R FSS = p where єr is the dielectric substrate
Summary
Improvements in periodic formations reflect the growth of two-dimensional surfaces with other periodic components that enable them to act as a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC), along with the reflection scattering in a narrow bandwidth (BW) [1,2]. The MTMs are used as a power absorber of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) to eliminate the unwanted frequency (with the same concept of using FSS), which can cause undesired EMW coupling in radar applications [13] Both the design and analysis of UWB and fractal antennas are more challenging than conventional narrowband antennas because the performance of the latter antennas is estimated at the central frequency [14,15,16] while the behavior of the former antennas must be understood and no distortion should be present over the whole wide operating band. The benefits and drawbacks of numerous research structures on both conventional and advanced gain improvement methods are marked with many articles’ references to provide a clear picture for interested researchers to further prod into the design of UWB planar antennas
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