Abstract
As the Internet and communication technologies have developed quickly, the spread and usage of online video content have become easier, which results in major infringement problems. While video watermarking may be a viable solution for digital video content copyright protection, overcoming geometric attacks is a significant challenge. Although feature point‐based watermarking algorithms are expected to be very resistant to these attacks, they are sensitive to feature region localization errors, resulting in poor watermark extraction accuracy. To solve this issue, we introduce the template to enhance the location accuracy of feature point‐based watermarking. Furthermore, a scene change‐based frame allocation method is presented, which arranges the template and the watermark to be embedded into different frames and eliminates their mutual interference, enhancing the performance of the proposed algorithm. According to the experimental results, our algorithm outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of robustness against geometric attacks under close imperceptibility.
Highlights
Copyright infringement occurs as a result of the rapid development of the Internet [1, 2], which makes it easy to disseminate and utilize digital media assets such as images, videos, and audios
Watermark energy is reduced by signal processing attacks, frame adjustment attacks change the quantity and relative placement of frames carrying the watermark, and geometric attacks cause the position of the watermark to be desynchronized between embedding and extraction
We evaluate the imperceptibility and the robustness of the algorithms by using the mean peak signal to noise ratio (MPSNR) and byte error rate (BER), respectively
Summary
Copyright infringement occurs as a result of the rapid development of the Internet [1, 2], which makes it easy to disseminate and utilize digital media assets such as images, videos, and audios. Throughout the Internet transmission, several deliberate or unintentional attacks on the watermarked digital video may occur. Watermark energy is reduced by signal processing attacks, frame adjustment attacks change the quantity and relative placement of frames carrying the watermark, and geometric attacks cause the position of the watermark to be desynchronized between embedding and extraction. Most existing video watermarking methods own good robustness against signal processing and frame adjustment attacks, but they are usually vulnerable to geometric attacks
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