Abstract

This study identifies the dependence of electrochemical properties of titanium dioxide nanotubes (NTs) containing specific concentrations and locations of defects within the crystal structure. NTs, formed through electrochemical anodization, were annealed at 500˚C in either oxygen (O2-NTs) or 2% hydrogen with nitrogen balance (2%H2/N2-NTs). Examination of the NTs using scanning/transmission electron microscopy showed that the O2-NTs were comprised of a mixed phase anatase–rutile, while the 2%H2/N2-NTs were primarily anatase with a defect laden disordered surface layer. Electrochemical impedance measurements showed enhanced electrochemical behavior of the 2%H2/N2-NTs compared to the O2-NTs as a result of the defect-laden structure.

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