Abstract
In this work, we study the electrical and optical properties of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a lithium (Li)-doped tris(8-hydroxyquinolino)-aluminum (Alq3) electron transport layer (ETL). When the Li:Alq3 doping ratio in a Li-doped Alq3 ETL is 2:1, the luminous efficiency of OLEDs is 5.25 cd/A; that of an OLED without a Li-doped Alq3 ETL is only 0.7 cd/A. X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and UV–vis absorption spectra of Li-doped Alq3 films reveal that the Li-doped Alq3 ETL has an improved electron conductivity. However, heavy Li doping in a Li-doped Alq3 ETL reduces the optoelectric performance of OLEDs. Excess Li atoms or cations quench light-emitting excitons in an Alq3 emitting layer (EML). Additionally, annealing improves the morphological stability of Li-doped Alq3 films. An OLED, comprising a Li-doped Alq3 ETL, requires no extrinsic thin LiF film, meeting commercial requirements, improving reproducibility and ensuring uniformality in a large area.
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