Abstract
Thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC) is widely used in long transmission lines to mainly improve power transfer capability. However, TCSC produces complicated impedance that negatively affects distance protection operation. The wind energy generation system produces additional complexity to the distance protection performance due to the variation of wind speed and fault current level. This paper proposes an integrated scheme to change adaptively the settings of the Mho distance protection by shifting the relay characteristics considering the bad impacts of TCSC, wind power and fault resistance. The proposed scheme achieves its main stages starting from fault detection, until relay tripping decision procedure including online estimation for preliminary fault location, impedance of TCSC and fault resistance using limited communication requirements. By extensive MATLAB simulations, the performance of the proposed scheme is examined compared with the conventional Mho relays under different fault locations, fault inception angle, fault resistance, different wind power penetration, different wind speeds and different TCSC firing angles. The achieved results ensured that the proposed scheme improves significantly Mho distance relay operation and avoids under-reaching and over-reaching problems irrespective of the large shunt capacitance along the transmission line, and also without identifying the parameters of TCSC such as the capacitance, the inductance or the firing angle.
Highlights
The rapid growth in electrical power demand is a challenge for all energy systems around the world that requires constructing new generation stations and enhancing transmission and distribution facilities
As discussed in [2], [3], wind speed fluctuations cause voltage level variations at local buses so the impedance seen by distance relay will fluctuate affecting significantly the distance relay trip boundaries
For double fed induction generator (DFIG), that is most commonly used for wind energy worldwide, the crowbar resistance causes
Summary
The rapid growth in electrical power demand is a challenge for all energy systems around the world that requires constructing new generation stations and enhancing transmission and distribution facilities. It is deduced that its main limitation is ignoring the line resistance with respect to fault resistance, which may not be accepted for long TLs. Improving the coverage of zone 2 of distance relay for TLs connected with double fed induction generator (DFIG) is proposed in [23] and tested for medium length of TLs. It is worth mentioning that both [22] and [23] do not study the impact of such improvements on compensated TLs. Providing adaptive distance protection settings to protect series compensated TLs connected with wind power is proposed in [24], depending on synchronized voltage and current measurements at both local and remote ends. – 2nd stage: fault types classification. – 3rd stage: calculating online fault location, TCSC impedance and fault resistance. – 4th stage: adaptive settings of Mho distance relay
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