Abstract
Aromatherapy and plant-based essential oils are widely used as complementary and alternative therapies for various symptoms, including anxiety, mild mood disorders, and cancer-related pain. In a previous study, we developed an in vitro assay using immortalized hypothalamic neuronal cells (GT1-7 cells). In this study, we used this assay to investigate the effects of Geranium oil on the cytotoxicity of the oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist: tamoxifen (TMX). The results showed that Geranium oil augmented TMX-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner without directly reducing the viability of GT1-7 cells. Cotreatment with Geranium oil and ER agonist β-estradiol (E2) attenuated the inhibition of GT1-7 cell growth. Moreover, Geranium oil and geraniol, a major constituent of Geranium oil, showed weak agonist activity on ERα and ERβ with geraniol augmenting TMX-induced cell death similar to that observed in Geranium oil. Both compounds impair E2 activity. These data indicate that geraniol is an essential constituent of Geranium oil.
Highlights
Trace nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, contained in plants are essential for human health. e essential oils used in aromatherapy are good for health
Geranium Oil Enhances TMX Cytotoxicity. e GT1-7 cell line is a useful model for investigating endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as TMX [13]
We investigated the effect of Geranium oil on TMX-induced cell death in GT1-7 cells (Figure 1)
Summary
Trace nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, contained in plants are essential for human health. e essential oils used in aromatherapy are good for health. E essential oils used in aromatherapy are good for health. Aromatherapy is a folk remedy that encompasses the use of essential oils derived from various types of plant sources for a variety of applications and is widely used as a complementary or alternative therapy for symptoms including anxiety and depression [1]. Aromatherapy is performed by irritation to olfaction, or by application, inhalation, or oral administration of essential oils with the aroma component of plants and fruits. Fragrant compounds and essential oils with sedative effects have influenced the motility of mice in inhalation studies [2]. Another report indicated that the odour of lavender ameliorated the influence of stress on brain mechanisms involved with the circadian rhythm of the autonomic nervous system activities and maintains their activity pattern during sleep [3]. Bergamot might be useful as an aromatherapeutic to minimise the symptoms of stress-induced anxiety, mild mood disorders, and cancer-related pain [4]
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