Enhancing coverage and connectivity using energy prediction method in underwater acoustic WSN

Abstract

In a mobile underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks (MUAWSN), one of the most important challenging issues is coverage and connectivity during data transmission. It is very difficult to access and cover the monitoring region due to less coverage in underwater environments. Various algorithms, strategies and mechanisms have been proposed by researchers around the world to solve these problems. A new approach is implemented in mobile underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks to enhance maximum coverage and connectivity of the cluster networks. In our proposed work, random cluster deployment of sensors in MUAWSN is used. The coverage hole problem is realistic in the MUAWSN due to node damage or active node count goes below the threshold limit. An energy prediction algorithm is proposed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) process which enhances the maximum coverage and connectivity during data transmission by analyzing the sample value of known parameter in water surface. The topology gets altered due to water mobility caused by several factors such as waves, winds, currents and network coverage and connectivity performance. In addition, to improve hop-by-hop dynamic address based (HH-DAB) Routing Protocol predicting energy consumption is re-framed as modified hop-by-hop dynamic address based (modified HH-DAB) Routing Protocol in which the random mobility of the node get stretched in 2-D space which leads to maximum coverage and connectivity in 3-D. Theoretical analysis and experimental simulation results are evaluated based on performance metrics such as residual energy consumption (REC), packet delivery ratio (PDR), network coverage ratio (NCR) and Network Lifetime. The results shows that the proposed Modified HH-DAB system has maximum residual energy consumption of 14.28%, maximum increase in packet delivery ratio of 50%, maximum increase in network coverage ratio of 50% and maximum increase in network lifetime of 50%. The results are encouraging and our proposed method is found to be more efficient than the HH-DAB protocol. The proposed protocols of modified HH-DAB mechanism improves coverage, connectivity and network lifetime.