Abstract
A novel, sample and economical method was used to prepare the new co-doped TiO2 photocatalysts and evaluated for CO2 photoconversion under visible-light irradiation. The La(NO3)3-TiO2 photocatalyst was obtained by the sol–gel method and then was heat treated with different concentrations of ammonia vapor. It was found that the synergistic modification of TiO2 photocatalyst by La(NO3)3 and ammonia vapor could improve its photocatalytic performance under visible light. The photocatalytic assessment presented a significantly amelioration in CO2 photoconversion, giving 3.078 μmol CH4 production in 4 h. The structures and properties of the photocatalysts were characterized and analyzed by means of XRD, SEM-EDS, HRTEM, BET, XPS, FTIR, ICP-AES, UV–vis DRS and theoretical calculation. The performance of the photocatalyst could be correlated to contributions of various phenomena such as larger specific surface area and the co-exposed (101) and (001) facets of anatase TiO2. Finally, the most likely substituted structures were obtained. The results of DFT + U theoretical calculation showed that La and N could modify TiO2 by replacing surface Ti atoms and internal O atoms, respectively.
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