Abstract
Abstract Higher efficient reverse osmosis (RO) membrane development is a significant issue due to the payoff among salt rejection and water flux and permissive chlorine attacking and fouling potential. Weak chlorine resistance is a distinctive challenge for composite polyamide thin-film reverse osmosis membranes. A commercial aromatic membrane was modified by grafting nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (N-GOQDs) to enhance chlorine resistance, embedding two-dimensional MXene Ti3C2Tx, introducing synthetically reductive thioether units and oxidized graphitic carbon nitride (OGCN). In this work, salt rejection, chlorine resistance, and water flux increased compared to the pristine membrane. Comprehensive arrangement of desalination performance and chlorine resistance was achieved by varying time and concentrations of prepared chemicals. For instance, improved chlorine resistance, after 12 hours of grafting time by N-GOQDs doped membrane, was 32.8%, after 6 hours of exposure time by MXene Ti3C2Tx membrane was 27.4%, after 1 hour of exposure time by thioether membrane was 28.1% and after 40 hours of doping time by OGCN membrane was 31.3%. N-GOQDs doped membrane showed a good chlorine resistant property, but on the other hand, thioether nano units showed other properties more effectively, including water flux, salt rejection, and less reaction time.
Highlights
More than half of our planet’s surface comprises water, economic and social development has critically been flustered by the shortage of freshwater globally (Shannon et al 2008; Werber et al 2016)
Synthesized nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (N-Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs)) particles were fully dispersed without superficial agglomeration and had almost consistent size division between 3 and 8 nm (Fathizadeh et al 2019)
N-GOQD particles are unreactive in aqueous solution at room temperature and it is expected that some particles have nitrogen functioned graphene oxide layers (Zhang et al 2014a; Ho et al 2016)
Summary
More than half of our planet’s surface comprises water, economic and social development has critically been flustered by the shortage of freshwater globally (Shannon et al 2008; Werber et al 2016). N-GOQD with particular grafting times and concentrations were utilized to attain increased water flux and modified desalination performance of the membrane. After N-GOQDs grafting, hydrophilicity on the membrane surface improved, resulting in elevated water flux Another modification factor in controlling surface properties and quantity of quantum dots is grafting time. It means that an increase in reaction time above 12 h carboxyl and amino groups of nitrogen graphene oxide quantum dots leads to a self-polymerization reaction; the number of quantum dots increases on the membrane surface. With N-GOQDs grafted concentration of 0.002 g/mL, salt rejection is 80.1% at 280 h of reaction time, which is more excellent than 60.3% of the pristine membrane These results show that chlorine resistance improved in N-GOQDs grafted membranes
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