Abstract
Phosphorus (P) fertilizer use efficiency is only 15 % in calcareous alkaline soils as in Pakistan. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) especially Thiobacillus spp. solubilize the unavailable P in soil by synthesizing sulfuric acid.This study was performed in three steps(i) screening of SOB from different microbial ecologies, (ii) use of different SOB with S levels for enhancing bio-available P, (iii) effect of SOB along with P fertilizer S on plant growth yield. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria were isolated, screened, identified the most efficient SOB were found as the genus Thiobacillus in sulfur based ecologies such as industrial wastewater, sewerage water sulfur mud. These SOB isolates were IW1, SW2, SS1, IW13, IW14, IW16 SM1 which reduced the pH of different media (thiosulphate, tricalcium phosphate rock phosphate) in 07 to 40 days after inoculation.Four Thiobacillus isolates viz., IW16, SW2, IW1 IW14 were inoculated in soil with three S levels 50, 37.5 25 mg kg-1. Thiobacillus spp. IW16 SW2 reduced soil pH with 50 mg S kg-1 from 7.90 to 7.12 7.28 respectively. Similarly, Thiobacillus strain IW16 in combination with 50 mg Skg-1 reduced CaCO3 contents from 7.14 to 6.93 % solubilized Ca8-P Ca10- P. Increase in the concentration of sparingly soluble Ca2-P (20.33 mg kg-1) and
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