Abstract
Quantum computers with tens to hundreds of noisy qubits are being developed today. To be useful for real-world applications, we believe that these near-term systems cannot simply be scaled-down non-error-corrected versions of future fault-tolerant large-scale quantum computers. These near-term systems require specific architecture and design attributes to realize their full potential. To efficiently execute an algorithm, the quantum coprocessor must be designed to scale with respect to qubit number and to maximize useful computation within the qubits' decoherence bounds. In this work, we employ an application-system-qubit co-design methodology to architect a near-term quantum coprocessor. To support algorithms from the real-world application area of simulating the quantum dynamics of a material system, we design a (parameterized) arbitrary single-qubit rotation instruction and a two-qubit entangling controlled-Z instruction. We introduce dynamic gate set and paging mechanisms to implement the instructions. To evaluate the functionality and performance of these two instructions, we implement a two-qubit version of an algorithm to study a disorder-induced metal-insulator transition and run 60 random instances of it, each of which realizes one disorder configuration and contains 40 two-qubit instructions (or gates) and 104 single-qubit instructions. We observe the expected quantum dynamics of the time-evolution of this system.
Highlights
Quantum computing is one of the most important nascent technologies today, with many recent advances in numbers of qubits [1]–[3]
There has been active research focusing on general quantum computer architecture and on compilers for fault-tolerant large-scale quantum systems [6]–[12]
We introduce and implement three mechanisms on the enhanced Quantum Infinity (eQI) stack to address these hardware constraints: quantum operation specification (QOS), dynamic gate set (DGS), and paging (PG)
Summary
Quantum computing is one of the most important nascent technologies today, with many recent advances in numbers of qubits [1]–[3]. Near-term quantum computers will likely have a few hundreds of noisy qubits without robust errorcorrection [5] During this time, quantum devices will be limited to executing quantum circuits (a model for quantum computation) much smaller than possible with fault-tolerant quantum devices. Quantum devices will be limited to executing quantum circuits (a model for quantum computation) much smaller than possible with fault-tolerant quantum devices We expect these near-term devices to offer benefits to certain classes of quantum applications, such as quantum chemistry and materials design simulations. Realizing systems that are suitable for consideration as qubits is a challenge [16], and numerous technologies are presently being considered to build ultimate fault-tolerant large-scale quantum computers. The state of a qubit denoted by |ψ can be expressed generally as
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