Enhancer assisted-phytoremediation of mercury-contaminated soils by Oxalis corniculata L., and rhizosphere microorganism distribution of Oxalis corniculata L.

Abstract

The present study investigated remediation of mercury-contaminated soils using Oxalis corniculata L. combined with various enhancers (sodium thiosulfate, ammonium thiosulfate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid). The experiment was conducted using Oxalis corniculata seedlings planted in pots containing mercury loaded soils. Investigations included analysis of soil properties, plant growth conditions, ability of the plants to accumulate and extract mercury, and rhizosphere microorganism distribution. The maximal mercury content of the aerial parts and the mercury-translocation ratio of Oxalis corniculata treated with enhancers increased compared to Oxalis corniculata without enhancers. Compared with no enhancers, the theoretical reduction in phytoremediation time was about 50%, 25%, 20% and 21% when Oxalis corniculata was treated with sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), ammonium thiosulfate ((NH4)2S2O3), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), respectively. The results indicated that the dominant species in rhizosphere soils varied with different enhancers. However, the evenness of background soils, rhizosphere soils of Oxalis corniculata, Oxalis corniculata treated with Na2S2O3, (NH4)2S2O3, EDTA and DTPA was not largely different at 0.62, 0.61, 0.57, 0.64, 0.61 and 0.63, respectively. These findings demonstrate that Oxalis corniculata treated with Na2S2O3 has the potential to recover and reclaim mercury-contaminated soils in pots.