Enhancement the electrochemical conductivity of a modified reduced graphene oxide/calixarene screen-printed electrodeusing response surface methodology.

Nor Zawani Mohamed Azman,Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad,Putri Nur Syafieqah Zainal

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234148

Nor Zawani Mohamed Azman, Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234148

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Journal: PloS one	Publication Date: Jun 5, 2020
Citations: 7	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Universiti Putra Malaysia

Abstract

In this paper, Response Surface Methodology with central composite design (RSM/CCD) was used to optimize a modified electrode for improved electron transfer rate and electrochemical performance. The modification was done on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with reduced graphene oxide (ERGO)/calix [4] arene (ERGOC4-SPCE). The properties of the modified electrodes were analyzed via cyclic voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Then, different variables were optimized, namely, the concentration of graphene oxide, GO (A), the number of scan cycles of graphene oxide (B), and the deposition time (C). The effect of the optimized variables on the reduction-oxidation peak current response of the potassium ferricyanide redox system was analyzed. By using statistical analysis, it shows a significant effect of the concentration of GO, the deposition time, and the number of scans cycles on the peak current response. The coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9987 produced indicated a good fit of the model with experimental finding.

Highlights

Graphene-based materials exhibit remarkable chemical and physical properties such as great flexibility, high chemical stability, and superior electric and thermal conductivity [1,2,3] with promising potential in many applications [4]
The results show a low residual standard error (RSE) of less than 2%, indicating that the model is valid and can predict the peak current accurately up to 99%
The results showed shorter and broader D and G bands in ERGOC4-screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) compared to Graphene oxide (GO)/calix [4] arene (C4)-SPCE, which corresponds to higher electrical conductivity

Summary

Introduction

Graphene-based materials exhibit remarkable chemical and physical properties such as great flexibility, high chemical stability, and superior electric and thermal conductivity [1,2,3] with promising potential in many applications [4]. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a graphenebased material that has been widely used and explored in various fields. This material can be fabricated through various routes such as chemical [4], thermal [5] or electrochemical [6]. Enhancement the electrochemical conductivity of a modified reduced graphene oxidecalixarene electrode graphene oxide (rGO) in the field of electrochemistry due to its remarkable conductivity, large surface area, and excellent electrochemical performance [7, 8]. Zhang et al reported using electrochemical sensors coupled with RGO-calix [4,5,6,7,8] arene on a glassy carbon electrode to determine tryptophan, ascorbic acid, and dopamine content. The optimum conditions of the modified electrode enhanced the sensitivity of the sensor [10]

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