Abstract
Thin films of vanadium oxide nanoparticles doped with different concentrations of europium oxide (2, 4, 6, and 8) wt % are deposited on glass and Si substrates with orientation (111) utilizing by pulsed laser deposition technique using Nd:YAG laser that has a wavelength of 1064 nm, average frequency of 6 Hz and pulse duration of 10 ns. The films were annealed in air at 300 °C for two hours, then the structural, morphological and optical properties are characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. The X-ray diffraction results of V2O5:Eu2O3 exhibit that the film has apolycrystalline monoclinic V2O5 and triclinic V4O7 phases. The FESEM image shows a homogeneous pattern and confirms the formation of uniform nanostructures on the glass substrate. The type of the particle found nanoparticles with different doping concentrations of Eu2O3. The optical energy gap increases with the increase of doping concentration and it varies from 2.67 eV to 2.71 eV. The prepared thin films are used to fabricate sensor against nitrogen dioxide gas. The dependence of sensitivity and response time on doping ratio and operation temperature of gas sensors has been studied, the maximum sensitivity was about 100%, the response time is equal to 24s and recovery time 16s for V2O5 doped 2% Eu2O3 at 50 °C.
Highlights
Controlling the free-surface electrostatic potential of semiconducting metal oxides offers possibilities for improving the performance of sensors and catalysts and photocatalysts
The X-ray diffraction test is widely used as a characterization technique because it gives a lot of crystalline, lattice parameters, size of the crystallites and any other phase information about the structure of films
A new phase of vanadium oxide (V4O7) cubic structure was appeared at 6% and 8% with peaks (̅20), (1̅2) and (104) at diffraction angle of 26.7660°, 30.1340° and 36.2210° respectively
Summary
Controlling the free-surface electrostatic potential of semiconducting metal oxides offers possibilities for improving the performance of sensors and catalysts and photocatalysts. The structure of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) exhibits intercalation layered structure As a result, it offers a possibility of reversible intercalations of different atoms, molecules or ions [8]. Experimental V2O5 nanoparticles with different doping concentrations of Eu2O3 (2, 4, 6, and 8) wt.% with high purity of 99.999 % is pressed under pressure of 5 ton to form a target of 1.5 cm diameter and 0.2 cm thickness. It should be as dense and homogeneous as much as possible to ensure a good quality of the deposit. The information restored as images form or held on the area for static analysis
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