Abstract
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) exhibit high tunability in photonic devices. This study numerically investigates light propagation in photonic crystal (PhC) membranes containing HMMs. The proposed HMM PhC membranes contain square HMM rods, which comprise dielectric (Si) and metallic (Ag) layers. Owing to their property of subwavelength field localization, HMMs can be applied to PhCs to improve tunability and thus enhance the self-collimation (SC) effect of PhCs. The SC points were obtained in the second HMM PhC band, wherein the nearby dispersion curves change significantly. In addition, the effect of the HMM filling factor (i.e., the ratio of the metal-layer to unit-cell thicknesses) on the SC point frequency is studied. Finally, we demonstrate the efficient control of beam behaviors using HMM PhC membranes while considering the nonlinearity of Ag. The findings of this study confirm that high-performance HMM PhC membranes can be employed in nonlinear all-optical switches, filters, tunable lenses, and other integrated optical devices.
Highlights
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) exhibit high tunability in photonic devices
We propose the construction of photonic crystal (PhC) membranes using HMMs to improve tunability, increase the efficiency of modulating the dispersion property, and control wave propagation
We observed that the effective permittivity of HMMs depends significantly on the operating frequency. These findings reveal that compared to PhC membranes with conventional dielectric rods, HMM PhCs are more efficient at modulating the dispersion property and controlling wave propagation in the system near the SC point
Summary
This study numerically investigates light propagation in photonic crystal (PhC) membranes containing HMMs. The proposed HMM PhC membranes contain square HMM rods, which comprise dielectric (Si) and metallic (Ag) layers. The proposed HMM PhC membranes contain square HMM rods, which comprise dielectric (Si) and metallic (Ag) layers Owing to their property of subwavelength field localization, HMMs can be applied to PhCs to improve tunability and enhance the self-collimation (SC) effect of PhCs. The SC points were obtained in the second HMM PhC band, wherein the nearby dispersion curves change significantly. A PhC can support waves propagating with field confinement, acting as a waveguide. Low group velocity brings high tunability, as well as effective modulation of the beam behavior of PhCs [10,11,12]
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