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Abstract
Radiotherapy is a common approach for the treatment of a wide variety of cancer types. Available data indicate that nanoparticles can enhance the effect of radiotherapy. We report the use of human mesenchymal stem cells to selectively deliver gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to MDA-MB-231 breast tumor xenografts in mice for the purpose of enhancing the effect of radiation therapy. Targeted delivery of GNPs to the tumor site, followed by irradiation of the tumor, enabled control of tumor growth. The results indicate that tumor-selective GNP delivery by human mesenchymal stem cells may represent a viable way to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy.
Highlights
Radiotherapy is one of the predominant forms of cancer treatment, with 52% of patients with cancer undergoing at least 1 treatment course as either monotherapy or in combination with other therapies [1]
The ability to migrate toward chemoattractant stimuli is a prerequisite for gold hMSCs to reach a tumor site
We report potentiation of the effects of radiation therapy by gold hMSCs in tumors derived from a breast cancer cell line
Summary
Radiotherapy is one of the predominant forms of cancer treatment, with 52% of patients with cancer undergoing at least 1 treatment course as either monotherapy or in combination with other therapies [1]. The tumor is exposed to high-energy radiation (x-rays, g -rays, charged particles such as electrons or protons) that can destroy proliferative cancer cells through processes that begin by damaging the cancer cells’ DNA. That mode of therapy is noninvasive, the downside is the damage to the surrounding healthy tissue through the ionizing effects of radiation [2]. This limits the dose of radiation that can be safely administered to a given location in a patient. Other known chemical radiosensitizers target DNA repair pathways or proteins involved in cell signaling, and can be used in conjunction with radiotherapy to enhance tumor cell killing [6]
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