Abstract
The local wastewater treatment facility in Yanbu Industrial City receives 24,000 m3/day of industrial wastewater. This wastewater, mostly from refineries and petrochemical industries, goes through physical, biological and chemical stages of treatment. However, the treated water still fails to pass some of the permissible levels set by governmental agencies. This research paper investigated the enhancement of the treatment processes to reduce the turbidity of the effluent treated water. Ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, alum and commercial synthetic cationic polymer were tried as coagulants. Different conditions (i.e., pH, temperature, dose, stirring rate) were searched. Ferrous sulfate and polymer reduced the final turbidity to acceptable values with very low doses compared with other coagulant.
Highlights
Turbidity consists of suspended material in water, causing cloudy appearance
Ferrous sulfate and polymer reduced the final turbidity to acceptable values with very low doses compared with other coagulant
The increase of ferric chloride dose from 100 mg/l to 1200 mg/l resulted in an increase of turbidity removal efficiency from 86% to 97%
Summary
Turbidity consists of suspended material in water, causing cloudy appearance. This cloudy appearance caused by scattering and absorption of light by these particles. The suspended matter may be inorganic or organic. The small size of particles prevents rapid settling of the material and water must be treated to reduce its turbidity. Turbidity can provide food and shelter for pathogens. Turbidity can promote regrowth of pathogens in the distribution system leading to waterborne disease outbreaks. Turbidity is not a direct indicator of health risk, numerous studies show a strong relationship between removal of turbidity and removal of protozoa [1]
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