Abstract
Next-generation jet engines, metal forging processes, and non-destructive monitoring of nuclear power plants demand piezoelectric sensors with ultra-high operating temperature, exceptional sensitivity, and outstanding temperature stability. Bismuth calcium niobate (CaBi2Nb2O9, CBNO) is considered a candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric materials due to high-Curie temperature (TC) near 900 °C. However, pure CBNO shows a poor piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and low high-temperature resistivity (ρ). In this work, the piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and resistivity of CBNO ceramics were significantly improved by constructing pseudo-tetragonal boundary through the co-substitution of Li/Ce at A site and W/Mo at B site. Remarkably, Ca0.92(Li0.5Ce0.5)0.08Bi2Nb1.97(W2/3Mo1/3)0.03O9 (CLCBN-3WM) ceramic exhibits the best performance: ultra-high TC (∼ 922 °C), very high d33 (∼ 16.1 pC/N), a large remanent polarization (∼ 11.61 μC/cm2), and very good high-temperature insulation ρ (∼ 7.4 × 105 Ω·cm at 600 °C), as well as excellent thermal stability with its d33 value degeneration from 16.1 pC/N to 15.1 pC/N from room temperature to 800 °C (less than 7.0 %). These results indicate that CLCBN-3WM ceramics have significant potential for using in electromechanical transducers operating at high temperatures (600 °C or higher).
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