Abstract
Electron-positron pair production from vacuum is studied in combined background fields, a binding electric potential well and a laser field. The production process is triggered by the interactions between the bound states in the potential well and the continuum states in the Dirac sea. By tuning the binding potential well, the pair production can be strongly affected by the locality of the bound states. The narrower bound states in position space are more efficient for pair production. This is in contrast to what is commonly expected that the wider extended bound states have larger region to interact with external fields and would thus create more particles. This surprise can be explained as the more localized bound states have a much wider extension in the momentum space, which can enhance the bound-continuum interactions in the creation process. This enhancement manifests itself in both perturbative and non-perturbative production regimes.
Highlights
The vacuum state is the lowest energy states of a quantum electrodynamics (QED) system in a fieldfree background
Before we describe the results, let us first review the physical picture of two different regimes for the boundcontinuum interactions in the pair production process
Because the ground state in the potential well with D 1⁄4 3.200λc is more localized in the energy gap, its narrow distribution in position space still amplifies the creation process even after it dives into the negative Dirac sea and becomes the unlocalized quasibound state
Summary
The vacuum state is the lowest energy states of a quantum electrodynamics (QED) system in a fieldfree background. A well-known procedure is to employ the bound states [41,42,43,44,45,46] in some binding potentials as the bridge between the positive and negative energy states to enhance pair production This can be realized in laboratory by shooting a laser at a highly charged ion or nucleus. To the best of our knowledge, there is no examination of whether the required energy conservation being the only criterion for the pair production to be triggered Both issues will be addressed in this article, which focuses on the pair creation caused by an external binding potential with or without a laser field. VI, we give a brief summary and an outlook for further studies
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