Enhancement of Optical, Piezoelectric, and Mechanical Properties in Crystal Violet Dye-Doped Benzophenone Crystals Grown by Czochralski Technique

Abstract

Pure and crystal violet (CV) dye-doped (0.05 M%) benzophenone single crystals have been grown by the Czochralski technique. The morphology of the grown crystals was analyzed by geometrical and bond energy considerations. Structural characterizations were performed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystalline perfection of the grown crystals was examined by high-resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD). From UV–vis measurements, increased transmittance with characteristic absorption at 590 nm for CV dye was observed in the doped crystal. The photoluminescence intensity was increased by the effect of dye. A dielectric study was performed with temperature in various frequency ranges. In a conductivity study, the activation energy in the temperature range of 30–44 °C for pure and doped crystals was found to be 0.24 and 0.22 eV, respectively, at 5 kHz. The piezoelectric charge coefficient for pure and dye-doped crystals improved from 1 to 3 pC/N along [001]. Nonlinear optical characterization showed in...