Enhancement of network lifetime using fuzzy clustering and multidirectional routing for wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Wireless sensors are those devices which sense any physical quantity. Group of sensor node working together can be termed as a wireless sensor network (WSN). The lifetime of WSN is critical and is based greatly on energy consumption for data transmission. By using the available energy efficiently, the nodes can operate for a longer time thereby increasing the network lifetime. In this paper, fuzzy-based clustering is used for clustering, which selects an optimal cluster head (CH). Fuzzy clustering is made with the help of residual energy and distance as fuzzy descriptors. However, when the network is heterogeneous, fuzzy-based clustering is found in efficient in many cases. To improve efficiency, a multidirectional routing is proposed along with fuzzy clustering. Using multidirectional routing, possible multiple paths between node and BS will be found out and the path with least hop will be selected as a routing path. The simulation results have been compared with traditional low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy, and a significant improvement in the lifetime of a node has been observed.