Abstract
In this work we report on the synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles of two distinct origins, one inorganic (MNPs) and the other biomimetic (BMNPs), the latter based on a process of bacterial synthesis. Each of these two kinds of particles has its own advantages when used separately with biomedical purposes. Thus, BMNPs present an isoelectric point below neutrality (around pH 4.4), while MNPs show a zero-zeta potential at pH 7, and appear to be excellent agents for magnetic hyperthermia. This means that the biomimetic particles are better suited to be loaded with drug molecules positively charged at neutral pH (notably, doxorubicin, for instance) and releasing it at the acidic tumor environment. In turn, MNPs may provide their transport capabilities under a magnetic field. In this study it is proposed to use a mixture of both kinds of particles at two different concentrations, trying to get the best from each of them. We study which mixture performs better from different points of view, like stability and magnetic hyperthermia response, while keeping suitable drug transport capabilities. This composite system is proposed as a close to ideal drug vehicle with added enhanced hyperthermia response.
Highlights
In spite of the certainly wide variety of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different geometries, compositions and functionalizations [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] that have become available in recent years, and of the number of applications that have been devised for them [1,9,10,11,12], when the goal is to provide a nanocarrier suitable for targeted chemotherapy, there is still room for progress
We explore the possibility of maximizing the hyperthermia effect by combining the two types of magnetic particles (BMNPs and MNPs), differing in size and other properties
The mean (± S.D.) diameters obtained from the histograms were 35 ± 11 nm for biomimetic MNPs (BMNPs) and 18 ± 6 nm for the purely inorganic nanoparticles
Summary
In spite of the certainly wide variety of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different geometries, compositions and functionalizations [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] that have become available in recent years, and of the number of applications that have been devised for them [1,9,10,11,12], when the goal is to provide a nanocarrier suitable for targeted chemotherapy, there is still room for progress. The nanoparticles themselves should be improved in terms of maximizing the magnetic moment per particle and providing novel surface properties while exploring their potential as hyperthermia agents that would allow them to combine therapies in the near future. In this context, cancer is one of the fields of application where magnetic nanoparticles certainly appear as most promising [12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. The magnetic nanoparticles increase the temperature of the microenvironment in which they are immersed inducing apoptosis of the tumor cells, usually more sensitive to temperature increase compared to healthy cells [28,29,30]
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