Abstract
The paper refers to Monte Carlo magnetic simulations for fractal-like nano and mesoscopic grains. The analyzed objects differed in the size, surface development, magnetic anisotropy and the spin values attributed to the system nodes inside the fractal. Such an approach allowed us to determine their magnetization processes as well as optimization characteristics in the direction to enhancement of hard magnetic properties. As it was shown, the size effects depend on the chosen value of magnetic anisotropy. In the case of fractals with ultra-high coercivity, the decreasing of their size leads to deterioration of coercivity, especially for the high surface to volume ratio. Opposite effects were observed for soft magnetic fractals when the nanostructure caused an appearance of the coercive field, and the maximum of energy product was predictably significantly higher than for conventional rare earths’ free permanent magnets.
Highlights
Magnetic materials are very important in modern technologies such as electromobility, magnetic cooling, or energy harvesting
Many scientific teams have worked on searching for new RE-free/reduced hard magnetic materials that can fill the gap between these two kinds of magnets [11]
The results presented in this work motivated us to significantly broaden the range of analysis, including the mesoscopic size of the objects and optimization of the energy product, that is desired for permanent magnets applications
Summary
Magnetic materials are very important in modern technologies such as electromobility, magnetic cooling, or energy harvesting. On the other side of the magnetic materials application spectra, there are hard magnets characterized by high value of the so-called energy product [3,4,5,6,7,8]. In this area, the Fe-RE-B (RE (rare earths), typically Nd, Nd/Dy, Nd/Tb) type of alloys are considered the best, showing the energy product in order of 400 kJ/m3. In this context, objects with fractal-like geometry seem to be very interesting [16,17]. The results presented in this work motivated us to significantly broaden the range of analysis, including the mesoscopic size of the objects and optimization of the energy product, that is desired for permanent magnets applications
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