Abstract
We investigate the effect of intense magnetic fields on the ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional reduced- magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) expansion of hot and dense quark–gluon plasma (QGP) produced in s NN = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions. For the sake of simplicity, we consider the case in which the magnetic field points in the direction perpendicular to the reaction plane. We also consider this field to be external, with energy density parametrized as a two-dimensional Gaussian. The width of the Gaussian along the directions orthogonal to the beam axis varies with the centrality of the collision. The dependence of the magnetic field on proper time ( τ ) is parametrized for the case of zero and finite electrical conductivity of the QGP. We solve the equations of motion of ideal hydrodynamics for such an external magnetic field. For collisions with a non-zero impact parameter we observe a considerable increase in the elliptic-flow coefficient v 2 of π − in the presence of an external magnetic field, and the increment in v 2 is found to depend on the evolution and the initial magnitude of the magnetic field.
Highlights
IntroductionThe corresponding electric field in the transverse plane becomes very large, as it is enhanced by a Lorentz factor
Two positively charged heavy nuclei produce ultra-intense magnetic fields in collider experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC); for example, B ∼ 1018 –1019 G for sNN = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions
In the case of an imbalance in the number of left- versus right-handed fermions, a charge current is induced in the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), leading to the separation of electrical charges, which is known as the “chiral magnetic effect” (CME) [2]
Summary
The corresponding electric field in the transverse plane becomes very large, as it is enhanced by a Lorentz factor. Such intense electric and magnetic fields are believed to have a strong impact on the dynamics of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We study the (2 + 1)-dimensional expansion of matter with vanishing magnetization in terms of the dynamics of a perfect fluid in the presence of an external magnetic field. We refer to this approach as “reduced MHD”, and we note that this
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