Abstract
In this study, electromechanical responses of BiFeO3/BaTiO3 (BFO/BTO) (0–3) nanocomposites with different volume fractions of BFO nanoparticles are investigated using phase field model based on the Landau–Ginzburg theory. A rich phase coexistence, including tetragonal (T), orthorhombic (O), and rhombohedral (R) phases, is characteristically formed in the domain structure of the nanocomposite due to interactions between BFO nanoparticles and BTO matrix through their interfaces. In particular, the O and R phases emerged in the original T-BTO matrix arise from the disruption of long-range R phase in BFO nanoparticles and high strain near the interfaces. The coexistence of multiphases generates high densities of domain walls and triple junctions of multiphase domains, which make polarization field more susceptible to an external strain. As a result, an anomalously large piezoelectric response is found in the BFO/BTO (0–3) nanocomposites. We further demonstrate that the direct piezoelectric effect is strongly dependent on the volume fraction of constituent phases, suggesting a route for the rational design of polarization domains and piezoelectric effects.
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