Abstract
In this study, the rutile TiO2 nanorods thin films were deposited via hydrothermal method on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. To form a porous morphology layer, a thin film of amorphous titanium oxide (TiOx) was deposited on the TiO2 nanorods through sputtering at high pressure. The samples were annelid at 450ᵒC to transform the amorphous surface to anatase phase. Structural, optical, morphology and electrochemical properties of the samples were examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, UV–Vis NIR and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Potentiostat device respectively. The samples exhibited a large optical bandgap of 3.35–3.40 eV and high transparency of over 77 % at a wavelength of 555 nm. Raman analysis confirmed the formation of anatase phase on the rutile nanorods under thermal treatment. PL analysis indicated that the oxygen vacancies reached their maximum after sputtering, while the intensity of PL emission significantly increased after annealing. Investigation of the electrochromic properties revealed an increase in coloration efficiency from 2.6 C−1cm2 for bare nanorods to 10.0 C−1cm2 for nanorods after sputtering deposition, which decreased to 5.4 C−1cm2 after thermal treatment.
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