Abstract
Colletotrichum truncatum isolate NRRL 13737 (ARS patent culture No. 18434) is being evaluated for development as a mycoherbicide against the problematic weed Sesbania exaltata. Studies were conducted to determine whether selected phylloplane microorganisms, used as coinoculants, could increase the severity of disease incited by C. truncatum in S. exaltata. Hemp Sesbania seedlings were grown in a variety of soils and environments, sprayed with conidia of C. truncatum, and the formation of appressoria was examined on leaves using epifluorescence microscopy. From hemp sesbania plants that supported high levels of appressoria formation, over 200 phyllosphere microorganisms were isolated. Fifteen of 73 microbial isolates assayed stimulated appressoria formation in vitro on cellophane membranes. Five of 8 superior isolates from the in vitro assay also enhanced disease symptoms induced by C. truncatum on S. exaltata compared to seedlings treated with conidia only. Populations of three selected superior isolates remained high on leaves during plant exposure to dew. The superior isolates initiated no apparent symptoms and rarely decreased seedling growth parameters in the absence of C. truncatum. This is the first instance of utilizing phylloplane microorganisms to increase the level of disease incited by a mycoherbicide agent. Microbial facilitators may provide a means of improving the weed control efficacy of mycoherbicides.
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