Abstract
The study aimed at enhancing the remediationof crude oil polluted soil of the Niger Delta using cow dung and hydrogen peroxide in either single or combined forms. 5 kg of soil each was polluted with 200 ml of crude oil representing 4% w/v. Five amendment treatments labelledA- E were done in order of A (polluted soil + 1.2 kg cow dung), B (polluted soil + 1000 ml Hydrogen peroxide), C (polluted soil + 0.6 kg cow dung +500 ml hydrogen peroxide), D (polluted soil without amendment) and E (unpolluted soil without amendment).pH, conductivity, organic carbon, organic matter, phosphate, nitrate, total hydrocarbon content, potassium and microbial population were analyzed before and after remediation. The results showed that addition of cowdung and H2O2 enhanced remediation of the polluted soilespecially in treatment A and C with significant increase (p=0.05) in soil conductivity, pH and nutrients when compared to the un-amended soil. Reduction in the total hydrocarbon content (THC) was in the order of A (79.48%)>C (77.95%) >B (75.75%) >D(46%)with significant increase in hydrocarbon degrading microbes in the amended soil.The amendments have the capacities to enhance remediation of crude oil polluted soil.Also, the combined treatments did not have any advantage over the single treatment options as the use of cowdung single treatment perform best in terms of its remediation potential. Therefore, nutrient enhancement should be considered a critical factor in the remediation of crude oil polluted soil. Keywords : remediation, physiochemical, parameters, soil, crude oil.
Highlights
Various activities of the oil industries ranging from exploration, exploitation, transportation, distribution and usage have been reported to affect the environment (Anyanwu et al, 2014)
Crude oil polluted soils may sometimes remain unsuitable for growth of plants for months or years depending on the level of contamination because its toxicity may persist for a long time
Crude oil obtained from Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Eleme, Port-Harcourt was applied as the pollution treatment. 200 ml of the crude oil was added to the soil in each bucket representing 4% v/w pollution level alongside a control of 0% v/w
Summary
Various activities of the oil industries ranging from exploration, exploitation, transportation, distribution and usage have been reported to affect the environment (Anyanwu et al, 2014) These activities can cause environmental damages (land, air and water pollutions). Reduction in nitrogen and organic carbon contents of soil has been reported by Agbogidi et al, (2007); Wyszkowski and Ziolkowska, (2008).Crude oil reduces water infiltration into the soil (Michael and Ojha, 2006) This means that crude oil has water repellents property; thereby making the soil to be waterdeficient.This may have direct or indirect effects on plant, animal and microbial populations. Application of biostimulation agents that are cheap, available and environmentally friendly will help in this direction Such materials must be capable of improving the nutrient status or increase the aeration of the soil. The objective of this work is to ascertain the advantage of combined treatment over the single treatment of cow dung and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the remediation of crude oil polluted soil
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