Abstract
We prepared red clays by introducing different percentages of PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO. In order to understand how the introduction of these oxides into red clay influences its attenuation ability, the mass attenuation coefficient of the clays was experimentally measured in a lab using an HPGe detector. The theoretical shielding capability of the material present was obtained using XCOM to verify the accuracy of the experimental results. We found that the experimental and theoretical values agree to a very high degree of precision. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of pure red clay, and red clay with the three metal oxides was determined. The pure red clay had the lowest Zeff of the tested samples, which means that introducing any of these three oxides into the clay will greatly enhance its Zeff, and consequently its attenuation capability. Additionally, the Zeff for red clay with 10 wt% CdO is lower than the Zeff of red clay with 10 wt% Bi2O3 and PbO. We also prepared red clay using 10 wt% CdO nanoparticles and compared its attenuation ability with the red clay prepared with 10 wt% PbO, Bi2O3, and CdO microparticles. We found that the MAC of the red clay with 10 wt% nano-CdO was higher than the MAC of the clay with microparticle samples. Accordingly, nanoparticles could be a useful way to enhance the shielding ability of current radiation shielding materials.
Highlights
Most countries around the world consider nuclear technology to be an alternative energy source to solve the problem of nonrenewable energy, which will run out one day
Red clay is a clean and environmentally friendly building material that can be used as a radiation shield in radiation protection applications, or it can be added to concrete mixtures in certain proportions as an alternative to sand, resulting in an increase in its density, which leads to an increase in gamma ray attenuation
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Summary
Most countries around the world consider nuclear technology to be an alternative energy source to solve the problem of nonrenewable energy, which will run out one day. Red clay is a clean and environmentally friendly building material that can be used as a radiation shield in radiation protection applications, or it can be added to concrete mixtures in certain proportions as an alternative to sand, resulting in an increase in its density, which leads to an increase in gamma ray attenuation. This form of clay’s high melting point is indicative of its potential thermal stability in the case of prolonged exposure to high-energy radiation, and its compressive strength is appropriate for the production of high-strength shielding materials [23]. The effective atomic number (Zeff ) was calculated for a broad energy range
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