Enhancement of biodegradation of phenol and a nongrowth substrate 4-chlorophenol by medium augmentation with conventional carbon sources.

Abstract

The enhancement of biodegradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-cp) as a cometabolised compound by Pseudomonas putida ATCC 49451 was accomplished by augmenting the medium with conventional carbon sources such as sodium glutamate and glucose. Compared with phenol as the sole carbon source, the addition of 1 gl(-1) sodium glutamate increased the toxicity tolerance of cells toward 4-cp and significantly improved the biodegradation rates of both phenol and 4-cp even when the initial concentration of 4-cp was as high as 200 mgl(-1). On the other hand, supplementation of glucose caused a significant drop in the medium pH from 7.2 to 4.3 resulting in a reduction of degradation rate, leaving a considerable amount of 4-cp undegraded when the initial concentration of 4-cp was higher than 100 mgl(-1). By regulating the pH of the medium, however, enhancement of degradation rates of phenol and 4-cp in the presence of glucose was achieved with a concomitant complete degradation of phenol and 4-cp.